Jumping genes
Some genes can jump. Called "transposons", these genes play an important role in biology because they contribute to the genetic variability of organisms. Now the special characteristics of jumping genes are to be used to remove unwanted marker genes from genetically modified plants.
Background
Research info
Co-transformation: Two genes in, one gene out
In the "classic" methods, marker and target gene are coupled firmly together. If it is possible to insert the two genes into the plant genome independently of one another, it makes it easier to remove the marker gene again afterwards. Plant-breeding methods can be used here. However, finding the progeny that carry only the target gene and not the marker gene is not simple.
Background
Research info
Homologous recombination: gene swapping
Genes are exchanged even under natural conditions, especially among bacteria. Now scientists are attempting to apply these "recombination systems" in plants as well – to eliminate marker genes. This strategy is now capable of being applied in practice: the first GM plants whose marker genes were removed using this method are awaiting authorisation.
Background
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